Hola!
Me encargaron definir cuáles y cuántos ensayos no destructivos se deben realizar a una estructura de acero (un puente peatonal diseñado con una viga metálica en forma de canoa).
He buscado información en el Manual de Carreteras y ahí no sale nada, también busqué información en las Normas Chilenas y sólo encontré la NCh1082 EOf74 ("Productos Metálicos - Ensayos no destructivos - Clasificación") la cuál es una norma antiquísima y además de emergencia; y si bien en dicha norma se definen los ensayos no destructivos, no dan pistas sobre la cantidad de ensayos que se deben realizar, y cuál es preferible sobre otro.
Por eso pido ayuda, por si alguien conoce alguna norma extranjera que pueda utilizar o alguna bibliografía de dónde sacar información.
Saludos y gracias de antemano.
Canales de Ingeniería Civil en: *Whatsapp* / *Telegram*
Norma Ensayos No Destructivo
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No subir ni poner enlaces a Normas con copyright propiedad de terceros como ACI, ASTM, ASME, etc.. Si alguien necesita algo en especifico, se permite subir la copia de solo unas paginas de la norma. El proposito de este Foro es discutir los criterios de Diseño en las normas.
No subir ni poner enlaces a Normas con copyright propiedad de terceros como ACI, ASTM, ASME, etc.. Si alguien necesita algo en especifico, se permite subir la copia de solo unas paginas de la norma. El proposito de este Foro es discutir los criterios de Diseño en las normas.
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En las normas AWS viene como recomendacion aplicar 5% de particulas magneticas o liquidos penetrantes en las uniones de filete y no recuerdo cuanto pide de radiografia o ultrasonido para las juntas a tope. Especificamente te hablo de AWS D1.5 que es para construccion de puentes
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- Registrado: Dom Oct 09, 2011 1:29 pm
6.7 Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
NDT in addition to visual inspection shall be performed
by the Contractor to comply with this specification.
Testing of base metals in conformance with 3.2;
preparation of base metal; production welds; weld repairs;
WPS qualification test weldments; and welder,
welding operator, and tack welder qualification test
weldments shall be included. Costs of this NDT shall be
considered incidental to the structural steel fabrication or
erection or both, and no separate payment shall be made.
6.7.1 CJP groove welds in main members shall be QC
tested by NDT. Unless otherwise provided, RT shall be
used for examination of CJP groove welds in butt joints
subject to calculated tension or reversal of stress. All CJP
groove welds in T- and comer joints shall be tested by
UT. When required, testing of CJP groove welds in butt
joints in compression or shear may be done by RT or UT.
6.7.1.1 Welds made by either the ESW or EGW processes
shall be tested by both RT and UT.
6.7.1.2 RT or UT of welds shall be performed in conformance
with the following frequency requirements:
(1) One hundred percent of each joint subject to calculated
tension or reversal of stress, except on welds in
vertical butt joints in beams or girder webs, as follows:
(a) 1/6 of the web depth beginning at the point, or
points, of maximum tension, and
(b) 25 percent of the remainder of the web depth
need be tested.
(c) If unacceptable discontinuities are found in (a)
or (b) above the remainder of the weld shall be tested.
(2) Twenty-five percent of each joint subject to compression
or shear, or, at the Contractor’s option, 25 percent
of the total joints subject to compression or shear.
When the latter is selected, the tested joints shall be distributed
throughout the work and shall total at least 25
percent of the compression or shear weld length.
(a) If unacceptable discontinuities are found in
spot testing, the entire length shall be tested.
(b) If unacceptable discontinuities are found in 20
percent or more of the compression or shear joints in a
“lot,” all compression and shear joints in that “lot” shall
be tested for their full length.
(c) A lot is defined as those tension or compression/
shear joints, or both, which were welded in
conformance with the same approved WPS and tested
with NDT as a group.
(d) Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents,
the above requirements do not apply to longitudinal
butt joints in beam or girder webs. These welds
shall be subject to the inspection criteria of 6.7.2.
(3) The requirements for RT and UT shall apply
equally to shop and field welds.
6.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, fillet welds and PJP
groove welds joining primary components of main members
shall be QC tested using MT in conformance with
the following:
6.7.2.1 At least 300 mm [12 in.] shall be tested in
every 3 m [lo ft] length including longitudinal welds in
butt joints in beam or girder webs, and 300 mm [12 in.]
of such welds less than 3 m [lo ft] in length of each size
of weld and type of joint in main members including the
end connections for such members. Typical welds which
require testing are web to flange, diaphragm connection
plates to web or flange; diaphragm sealing plate or gussets
to web or flange in box members; cross frame and
diaphragm welds on curved bridges, etc. If unacceptable
discontinuities are found in any test length of weld, the
full length of the weld, or 1.5 m [5 ft] on both sides of the
test length, whichever is less, shall be tested.
6.7.2.2 For Grade 690/690W (iOO/iOOW) steels, all
main member fillet and PJP groove welds shall be tested
full-length by MT.
6.7.2.3MT of fillet welds shall not be required for
secondary members.
6.7.3 After repairs of discontinuities have been made, additional
NDT inspection shall be performed to ensure
that the repairs are satisfactory. This testing shall include
the repaired area plus at least 50 mm [2 in.] on each side
of the repaired area.
6.7.4 Welds tested with NDT that do not meet the requirements
of this code shall be repaired by the methods
of 3.7.
6.7.5When RT is used, the procedure and technique
shall be in conformance with Part B of this section.
6.7.6 When MT is used, the procedure and techniques
shall be in conformance with the dry powder MT of
welds using the prod method or the yoke method.
6.7.6.1 The prod method shall be performed in conformance
with ASTM E 709, Guide for Magnetic Particle
Inspection, and the standards of acceptance shall be
in conformance with 6.26.
(1) When the prod method is used to test steels with a
minimum specified yield strength of 345 MPa [50 ksi] or
greater, aluminum prods shall be used on the test equipment.
Copper prods shall not be used on such steels.
(2) Arcing shall be minimized by following the
proper testing procedures.
NDT in addition to visual inspection shall be performed
by the Contractor to comply with this specification.
Testing of base metals in conformance with 3.2;
preparation of base metal; production welds; weld repairs;
WPS qualification test weldments; and welder,
welding operator, and tack welder qualification test
weldments shall be included. Costs of this NDT shall be
considered incidental to the structural steel fabrication or
erection or both, and no separate payment shall be made.
6.7.1 CJP groove welds in main members shall be QC
tested by NDT. Unless otherwise provided, RT shall be
used for examination of CJP groove welds in butt joints
subject to calculated tension or reversal of stress. All CJP
groove welds in T- and comer joints shall be tested by
UT. When required, testing of CJP groove welds in butt
joints in compression or shear may be done by RT or UT.
6.7.1.1 Welds made by either the ESW or EGW processes
shall be tested by both RT and UT.
6.7.1.2 RT or UT of welds shall be performed in conformance
with the following frequency requirements:
(1) One hundred percent of each joint subject to calculated
tension or reversal of stress, except on welds in
vertical butt joints in beams or girder webs, as follows:
(a) 1/6 of the web depth beginning at the point, or
points, of maximum tension, and
(b) 25 percent of the remainder of the web depth
need be tested.
(c) If unacceptable discontinuities are found in (a)
or (b) above the remainder of the weld shall be tested.
(2) Twenty-five percent of each joint subject to compression
or shear, or, at the Contractor’s option, 25 percent
of the total joints subject to compression or shear.
When the latter is selected, the tested joints shall be distributed
throughout the work and shall total at least 25
percent of the compression or shear weld length.
(a) If unacceptable discontinuities are found in
spot testing, the entire length shall be tested.
(b) If unacceptable discontinuities are found in 20
percent or more of the compression or shear joints in a
“lot,” all compression and shear joints in that “lot” shall
be tested for their full length.
(c) A lot is defined as those tension or compression/
shear joints, or both, which were welded in
conformance with the same approved WPS and tested
with NDT as a group.
(d) Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents,
the above requirements do not apply to longitudinal
butt joints in beam or girder webs. These welds
shall be subject to the inspection criteria of 6.7.2.
(3) The requirements for RT and UT shall apply
equally to shop and field welds.
6.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, fillet welds and PJP
groove welds joining primary components of main members
shall be QC tested using MT in conformance with
the following:
6.7.2.1 At least 300 mm [12 in.] shall be tested in
every 3 m [lo ft] length including longitudinal welds in
butt joints in beam or girder webs, and 300 mm [12 in.]
of such welds less than 3 m [lo ft] in length of each size
of weld and type of joint in main members including the
end connections for such members. Typical welds which
require testing are web to flange, diaphragm connection
plates to web or flange; diaphragm sealing plate or gussets
to web or flange in box members; cross frame and
diaphragm welds on curved bridges, etc. If unacceptable
discontinuities are found in any test length of weld, the
full length of the weld, or 1.5 m [5 ft] on both sides of the
test length, whichever is less, shall be tested.
6.7.2.2 For Grade 690/690W (iOO/iOOW) steels, all
main member fillet and PJP groove welds shall be tested
full-length by MT.
6.7.2.3MT of fillet welds shall not be required for
secondary members.
6.7.3 After repairs of discontinuities have been made, additional
NDT inspection shall be performed to ensure
that the repairs are satisfactory. This testing shall include
the repaired area plus at least 50 mm [2 in.] on each side
of the repaired area.
6.7.4 Welds tested with NDT that do not meet the requirements
of this code shall be repaired by the methods
of 3.7.
6.7.5When RT is used, the procedure and technique
shall be in conformance with Part B of this section.
6.7.6 When MT is used, the procedure and techniques
shall be in conformance with the dry powder MT of
welds using the prod method or the yoke method.
6.7.6.1 The prod method shall be performed in conformance
with ASTM E 709, Guide for Magnetic Particle
Inspection, and the standards of acceptance shall be
in conformance with 6.26.
(1) When the prod method is used to test steels with a
minimum specified yield strength of 345 MPa [50 ksi] or
greater, aluminum prods shall be used on the test equipment.
Copper prods shall not be used on such steels.
(2) Arcing shall be minimized by following the
proper testing procedures.
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